Between October 8, 2023, and November 27, 2024, Israeli attacks led to widespread devastation across Lebanon, resulting in over 4,000 deaths and more than 16,000 injuries.1 On September 23, 2024, the Israeli forces significantly escalated the scope and intensity of their offensive, launching sustained and indiscriminate attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure across the country.
Since September 23, 2024, the Israeli forces have issued so-called “evacuation” warnings – referred to here as forced displacement orders – to residents in densely populated areas, leaving them little time for safe evacuation. Our analysis, which covers orders issued until October 31, found that these warnings, disseminated primarily by the Israeli forces’ Arabic spokesperson on social media, often gave only 15 to 45 minutes notice before strikes commenced. Typically issued between 10 pm and 4 am, these orders forced civilians to make life-or-death decisions in the dead of night, leading to widespread psychological distress.
